If warts appear near the anus, it means that the human papilloma virus (HPV) is progressing in the body. Dangerous infection, which in the active phase can cause oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is the human papilloma virus
HPV is a common genital infection that, by actively dividing cells, causes warts to appear in the intimate areas. The group of viruses from the papilloma virus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. About 60% of the world's population is infected with HPV. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in a latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts 3 months, when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies and affects healthy tissue. The immunity of young women eliminates HPV in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexually. The main route of infection, in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and household. Use of things, clothes, shoes, household items of the sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it moves through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is needed. In other patients it becomes active, recurrence occurs. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term medications;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
Which is dangerous
Papilloma virus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, lips, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. In order to exclude uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, it is necessary to identify the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is full of fetal infections. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the child's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of risk of cancer, the following types of HPV are different in women:
- Neoncogenes. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogene. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provoking factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Medium oncogenes. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provoking factors, cancer develops.
- Highly oncogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. There is a high probability of developing oncology.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe penetrates the cells of the body, blocking the antitumor defense. Gray spots with a rough surface appear in the genital area, anus. Over time, warts, papillomas and condyloma form. They are localized not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The signs of infection depend on the strains that the person has infected. Initially, the HPV carrier does not feel discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. The following signs of HPV appear under the influence of provoking factors:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condyloma
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when they are infected with viruses of 6, 11 types. The growths are the color of flesh, reminiscent of cauliflower on the outside. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rashes are multiple, they can merge into large foci. The main danger is the danger of injury from such an accumulation on a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by the action of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. They are localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. Outgrowths of dense consistency on the leg are different colors (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts differ in shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles, caused by HPV types 1, 2.
- Filamentous. Nodules on the leg are located in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Apartment (youthful). Localized in the armpit, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappearing on their own when they grow up. It is caused by a virus of types 3, 5.
Diagnosis
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly determine the type of virus. In case of dangerous conditions, the woman is registered in the department for venereal diseases. Diagnosis is complex, including the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Scraping biomaterials from the cervix is done to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the action of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. In order to determine carcinogenic changes in the epithelium, scraping from the cervix is performed. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the inner lining of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is stained, dried, and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of testing is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.
The stages of evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal nucleus structure;
- cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
In order to determine the DNA regions characteristic of the papilloma virus, scraping of the vagina is performed. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papilloma virus.
- Lg of 5 - high HPV concentration.
Great test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects the DNA regions of the papilloma virus. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and a predisposition to oncology. Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often in combination with a cytological study. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papilloma virus in women
Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:
- excision of growths on the skin;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- course of immunostimulatory treatment.
Condyloma and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easily injured. In addition, neoplasms may grow. Such growths are best removed by surgery. Otherwise, the risk increases that skin lesions will soon become cancerous.
Medications
Taking medication is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antivirus. The composition of the drug contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies are formed against the infection.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papilloma virus, stop the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
In order to stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, it is characterized by good tolerance, fast rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. No scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave treatment. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is the scars.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine methods are used to eliminate the manifestations of papilloma virus in a complex treatment scheme. HPV is impossible to cure from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to remove skin neoplasms without consequences. Use the following health recipes to remove genital warts, warts and papillomas:
- Separate the fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Perform the procedure once a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the nipples with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the deposit disappears.
- Squeeze the juice of garlic, lubricate the lesions of pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Halve the oren berry. Apply to the nipple, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before bedtime, the positive dynamics is visible after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Mix lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply to external growths 2-3 times a day, until they fall off.
To quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, medicinal decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment scheme. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:
- Infusion of conifers. Pour 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before eating (you can add honey).
- Sugar onion. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. peel the onion in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist the broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times daily before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papilloma virus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take preventive measures in time. Medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use protective contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Track your medication intake.
- Lead an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination can protect against only 4 types of papilloma virus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.